Scientific method Essay Example for Free

Logical strategy Essay 1)What sort of group was framed here? Was it important, as you would like to think? 2)Use the group adequacy model and related data in section 8, to distinguish the qualities and shortcomings of this team’s condition, structure and procedures. 3)Assuming that these four individuals must keep on functioning as a group, prescribe approaches to improve the team’s adequacy. A normal, or average, case is frequently not the most extravagant in data. In explaining lines of history and causation it is progressively helpful to choose subjects that offer an intriguing, surprising or especially uncovering situation. A case choice that depends on representativeness will only from time to time have the option to create these sorts of bits of knowledge. While choosing a subject for a contextual analysis, specialists will in this manner use data arranged examining, rather than irregular inspecting. Anomaly cases (that is, those which are extraordinary, freak or atypical) uncover more data than the conceivably agent case. On the other hand, a case might be chosen as a key case, picked due to the characteristic enthusiasm of the case or the conditions encompassing it. Or then again it might be picked in view of scientists top to bottom neighborhood information; where analysts have this nearby information they are in a situation to â€Å"soak and poke† as Fenno[6] puts it, and subsequently to offer contemplated lines of clarification dependent on this rich information on setting and conditions. Three sorts of cases may in this way be recognized: Key cases Outlier cases Local information cases Whatever the edge of reference for the decision of the subject of the contextual investigation (key, anomaly, neighborhood information), there is a differentiation to be made between the subjestorical solidarity [7] through which the hypothetical focal point of the examination is being seen. The item is that hypothetical center †the diagnostic edge. In this manner, for instance, if an analyst were keen on US protection from socialist development as a hypothetical center, at that point the Korean War may be taken to be the subject, the focal point, the contextual analysis through which the hypothetical center, the article, could be seen and elucidated. [8] Beyond choices about case determination and the subject and object of the examination, choices should be made about reason, approach and procedure for the situation study. Thomas[3] in this way proposes a typology for the contextual analysis wherein objects are first distinguished (evaluative or exploratory), at that point approaches are portrayed (hypothesis testing, hypothesis building or illustrative), at that point forms are settled on, with a vital decision being between whether the examination is to be single or different, and decisions likewise about whether the investigation is to be review, depiction or diachronic, and whether it is settled, equal or consecutive. It is in this way conceivable to take numerous courses through this typology, with, for instance, an exploratory, hypothesis fabricating, various, settled investigation, or an evaluative, hypothesis testing, single, review study. The typology hence offers numerous changes for contextual analysis structure. A firmly related investigation in medication is the situation report, which distinguishes a particular case as rewarded and additionally analyzed by the creators as introduced in a novel structure. These are, to a differentiable degree, like the contextual investigation in that many contain audits of the applicable writing of the subject talked about in the careful assessment of a variety of cases distributed to fit the standard of the report being introduced. These case reports can be thought of as brief contextual analyses with a primary conversation of the new, introduced case close by that presents a novel intrigue.

Child Labor And Development Implications For Third World Education Essay Free Essays

string(39) a few families produce more income. This exposition will focus on improvement in Senegal and the social employments that are holding the state over from specific features of their turn of events. Issues, for example, kid work, are winning in the enormous metropoliss of Senegal. I know this since I have gotten the opportunity to see Dakar while on my cruising life experience school. We will compose a custom exposition test on Youngster Labor And Development Implications For Third World Education Essay or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now We spent around two hebdomads in the city and joined forces with the college childs and an improvement bunch called SYTO Senegal. SYTO represents Student A ; Youth Travel Organization. It is a non-benefit association that is presently utilized in numerous African states to bring cognizance and help up being developed. A portion of the plans and endeavors that SYTO offers are: Volunteering, non-paid entry level positions, social submergence and spot undergarments. All these various ventures are intended to consolidate visitants and local people into larning from one another. The plan of our stay in Dakar was to disperse awareness about various aspects refering the improvement of their city. We split into arranged gatherings all with various endeavors and obligations for the two hebdomads. The gatherings managed natural issues, health and sanitation, H2O safeguarding, fund and news media. Inside our gatherings, we examined considerations, had visitor skilled talkers and visited a porti on of the schools in the nation. One of our essential finishes was to instruct the juvenile coevals about these problems that need to be addressed so they could build up an enthusiasm for bettering their local land. We brainstormed originative considerations like dramas and games so as to represent these issues in a way juvenile childs could comprehend. For delineation, the H2O safeguarding bunch made postings that showed the H2O mood and set on a dramatization for the childs. Beside the improvement undertaking, we other than had numerous odds to inquire about the city and dive further into the social standards of the state. I saw everything from the hustling markets to grown-up females selling their hand-made covers and covers in the city. Regardless of lolling their customs, there is an increasingly enthusiastic and disheartening side of the way of life and we saw this in the many child homeless people and poverty harassed individuals in the city. UNICEF characterizes kid work as work that endeavors kids under perilous working conditions. At the point when children are confronted with these occupations it regularly takes off from drawing out their guidance. This identifies with improvement since guidance is one of the components that invigorate advancement. I will other than talk more features of Dakar ‘s improvement, similar to: the adjustment of urbanization and guidance rates, I will talk how all these advancement factors need to make with the child work issue in Senegal. The significance of our advancement undertaking in Senegal was to uncover the employments in the express that are keeping up them from come oning. My meaning of improvement is designed development and advancing the present area of individual businesss. Improvement other than alludes to the monetary, social and cultural changes that a state experiences to go further developed in current twenty-four hours. I saw the degree of exploitatory child work in Senegal, which gives me the ent husiasm to want to occur out more and do anything I can to help. I feel this is applicable to Global Development Studies since it is an issue of cultural improvement that should be tended to. It is other than a human rights issue that I accept ought to be a worldwide concern. In this exposition I will reason that the youngster work issues are stalling improvement, taking off from advancing the guidance of the juvenile coevals and following in since quite a while ago run harming impacts for the state. The Development Theory, as scholarly in the primary semester of Global Development Studies, includes many sub-speculations that universally handy to delineate how modification in a general public can be accomplished. Modernization hypothesis portrays a delineation of improvement stages and how to follow a states headway dependent on what they have accomplished. Reliance Theory depicts how â€Å" periphery † states rely upon â€Å" core † states for guidance and backing through their improvement venture. These speculations identify with the issues of youngster work in Senegal since it is a universal concern and is answerable for much poverty in creating states. Non-benefit associations, for example, UNICEF, reason to collect awareness and cash to back up the decimation of abused children. They other than offer would like to kids in creating states that are non ready to cultivate their guidance in light of the fact that their milieus do non let them to make so. Hood ( 1993 ) expounds on kid work according to the disappointment of the guidance framework in numerous African states. The article recommends that the insufficiency of an organized guidance framework and the aggregate of youngster laborers are straight related. This could be on the grounds that the educational system can non back up the guidance needs so kids are as often as possible constrained into exploitatory work at early ages to offset for the inadequacy of guidance. Fitting to Bonnet ( 1993 ) , there are other than numerous children that drop out of school early in view of power per unit zone to flexibly another start of pay for their battling families. The article coins the harsh â€Å" financial condition † as something that contributes the expanding figure of kid laborers. Despite the fact that this article audits the difficulty of Africa as a rule footings partner to kid work, it shows numerous issues refering improvement are connected. As in Modernization Theory, a state can non achieve the accompanying level of advancement without over-coming introductory hindrances. Hood ‘s ( 1993 ) article gave understanding into how a state can travel â€Å" in reverse † in the improvement strategy, and in this manner, make more issues to propose with. A few measurements structure Bonnet ‘s ( 1993 ) article indicated the GDP in huge numbers of the African states as being somewhat low. This is strongly a compelling component for most occupants of these states, as they need to populate under these conditions and experience the full outcome of the missing monetary framework. Exploitative child work is a way that a few family units produce more salary. You read Youngster Labor And Development Implications For Third World Education Essay in classification Article models Developmentally, this is a global issue and it exceeds numerous ethical limits that have been built by the created universe. Forastieri ( 1992 ) recommends that there are financial variables that make the expanding measurement of youngster work occurring known to mankind today. Numerous employments related with being in an immature state loan to the approaching of youngster advancement. Forestieri ( 1992 ) clarifies that numerous children populating in these down and out states every now and again have no other alternative to flexibly supplement for themselves and family. She discusses the connection between a state ‘s monetary turn of events and the insufficiency of guidance taking to numerous children being constrained into youngster work and different signifiers of child abuse. The article other than discusses the specific conditions that are available in many creating states and how it presents a danger to youth. The main part of exploitatory child work starts at a youthful age, which disregards formative stage in the child ‘s life. Forastieri ( 1992 ) recognizes that the answer for the act ivity is for quite some time run. Issues of advancement, for example, financial framework, health, wellbeing and guidance must be tended to chief to give family units a choice to exposing their children to exploitatory work. The article coins kid work as â€Å" the product of need † , which portrays the nexus to advancement that is the majority of import to comprehend the issue. The worldwide universe and the created universe has an obligation to pass on these down and out states out the very pinnacle of poverty that is taking to expire, infection and improvement. For outline, an article in The Vancouver Sun ( 2007 ) talks about youngster work as a normal occurring in West Africa. It examines the chocolate cultivates in numerous West African states and how we, in the created universe, can hold our preferred cocoa available to us whenever we need. The article expresses that kids under 14 mature ages old enough are compelled to chip away at these chocolate manors under backbreaking conditions. It specifies a measurement that three for each centum of the universe ‘s chocolate creation is collected under the most noticeably terrible signifiers of youngster work. This ought to do the created universe consider how they might be in a roundabout way propelling the use of youthful children as workers in these West African states. The article in The Vancouver Sun ( 2007 ) proceeds to delineate the most exceedingly awful signifiers of youngster work. A few children are being offered to husbandmans and are as often as possible attracted by bogus gua rantees of expectation once they do what they are told. It is a vocation this is going on each twenty-four hours in our universe. Notwithstanding, there are things that we can make to look for and advance great working conditions and the significance of youngster guidance rather than abuse. From advancement position, there are numerous things that we can make to look for and energize improved conditions. The article references â€Å" Fair Trade † , which speaks to a product that has been develop under acceptable and humanist conditions. The created universe only from time to time considers the effect that venturing out to buy a confect cantina can hold. That confect cantina could conceivable represent extended periods of time that a juvenile child has spent on the chocolate ranches. It is our obligation to do sure that we teach ourselves about how a portion of the

Am I Alone The Number of People with Poor Credit in America - OppLoans

Am I Alone The Number of People with Poor Credit in America - OppLoans Am I Alone? The Number of People with Poor Credit in America Am I Alone? The Number of People with Poor Credit in AmericaIf you feel like youre part of a small minority of Americans who have poor credit, it might help to know that youre not aloneâ€"not by a long shot.Financial instability is difficult to live with, especially in the United States, where those who are struggling often have limited options.It’s especially difficult when we live in a society that seems to run on spending money. Even just seeing your friends for a few drinks can have you spending thirty dollars in one go. Other people might not understand the hoops you have to jump through when you have poor credit and are behind on the bills. As a result, financial instability can feel really isolating, as well as difficult.If you find yourself wondering if you’re an outlier, know that you’re not alone.What’s considered a “poor” credit score?Credit scores can range from 300 to 850. Here’s how to tell what scores are considered good and bad according to FICO:FICO Sco re RangeRating of Score720-850Great680-719Good630-679Fair550-629Subprime300-549PoorA fifth of Americans have low credit scores.According to Experian, 19.1 percent of Americans had a credit score below 600, and an additional 9.6 percent had a credit score below 650. That means about a fifth of Americans have subprime or poor credit scores, and about a third have credit scores less than “good”.People under the age of 30 are most affectedâ€"their average score is 659 while the average score of people over 60 is 747.Why do so many Americans have poor credit?It makes sense that those under thirty are most affected by poor credit. The Great Recession hit in December 2007. People who are thirty now were just getting out of high school and those who went to college were graduating when the economy was still feeling the effects of the recession. Some families are still feeling the effects of the Great Recession todayâ€"resulting in credit troubles.Another factor of poor credit could be p oor financial literacy. The United States scored below average in financial literacy among 15-year-olds. Considering the financial system is so confusing that many people hire financial planners just to understand it, that’s not surprising. The credit system is counterintuitive and tricky at times and even the most responsible people can end up with poor credit due to making the wrong guess about financial decisions.The sheer number of people with debt in America could also help explain poor credit scores. Debt isn’t a bad thing, in and of itself, but even one late payment can quickly ding your credit score. That means if you have a lot of debt, and your income is limited, all it takes is one financial emergency (say, an emergency car repair) to miss a few payments and start approaching the “poor” zone in your credit score.Debt isn’t necessarily an indicator you’re irresponsible, either. Two of the most common types of debt are college debt and medical debt:72 million Am ericans have medical bill problems or are paying off medical debt (41 percent   of working age people)44.7 million people have student loan debt (and over 11 percent of loans are delinquent or in default)If youre looking to become more financially literate, check out the free, standards-aligned personal finance classes that we offer through OppU.Tips for building credit.The good news is, there are options for people with poor credit. There are plenty of ways to build credit even if there are many credit lines closed to you.If you need a loan, opt for loans with soft credit checks. There are many loan options which require hard credit checks, which put a ding in your credit score. Installment loan options like Opploans conduct only soft credit checks in order to reduce the impact on your credit score. And if the lender reports your payment information to the credit bureausâ€"as OppLoans doesâ€"then all the better, as on-time payments can help you build a better credit history.Be sure to avoid predatory payday loans, title loans, or cash advances. They have higher interest ratesâ€"averaging 300 to 400 percent annually in many casesâ€"and can easily make your credit situation even worse if something goes wrong or trap you in a cycle of debt.Put together a plan for making payments on time and be patient. The truth is, time and consistency is the best cure for low credit scores. Some people will advise you to open new accounts to get it up quickly, but that could hurt you in the long run.Focus on paying down debt. Pay more than you have to and make payments multiple times a month. Since credit scores are only updated once a month, making payments twice will ensure that your reduced debt is reflected in your credit report as quickly as possible. For a long-term debt repayment strategy, look into the Debt Snowball and Debt Avalanche methods.Don’t max out your credit card even if you can pay it off. It looks bad on your report to have a lot of your credit lines used up. In fact, one way you can help yourself out in this area is raising credit limits because credit bureaus closely monitor your  credit utilization ratio.It can be hard to struggle with low credit and work towards specific financial goals, especially if everyone else around you seem to be spending what they want. But chances are you aren’t the only one. One in five people you know has a poor credit score too.Being honest with your loved ones about your goals and asking them to join you can help make it a little easier, along with following tips for getting your credit score back up. To learn more about improving your credit, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsWill Closing a Credit Card Affect Your Credit Score?How Long Does Bad Credit Last?Have Bad Credit? Here Are Two Things You Should DoDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |  Instagram

Primary School Essay Example For Free At Magic Help - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2267 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Education Essay Tags: School Essay Did you like this example? How can the benefits of play be most effectively maximised within the classroom environment? This project is presented with a twofold task. First: articulate the benefits of play. Second: identify the ways in which play can be incorporated into a structured learning environment, or, more accurately, in which a learning environment can be structured around play. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Primary School Essay Example For Free At Magic Help" essay for you Create order Either approach yields positive results, but this project argues that the most viable ethos for educators who wish to benefit from play is not to shoehorn play into their existing attitudes toward and plans for teaching, but to start with a play activity and explore the learning opportunities it presents. Power and Park (in Laosa, 1982: 148) indicate that pre-school learning takes exactly this form. Parents are seldom qualified educators with a formal scheme of learning and development; they provide opportunities for play, engage in play, and promote learning indirectly. Historically, say Power and Park, researchers have suggested that this parent-guided learning through play develops childrens goal-directed behaviour, object permanence and the acquisition of turn-taking skills. More recent research (Fleer, 2010: 101) asks whether these play activities are motivated internally or externally, e.g. whether they arise out of biological imperatives in the individual parent or are i nspired by social/cultural forces which define what a parent should do. In the Anglophone world, Fleer explains, research on play has tended to emphasise the biological imperative. Encouraging and engaging in play has been seen as something which parents do naturally, and therefore not part of a teachers remit. By contrast, social forces are more emphasised in Eastern European research by cultural and historical theorists like Vygotsky, Leontiv and Elkonin (in Fleer, 2010: 105). Elkonin (2005) observes that play has developed over time. What was a procedure of imitative learning in which children were involved in the work of keeping their communities alive became a process of teaching using scaled-down versions of more complex tools: play with toys was in Elkonins view originally a form of learning. As work tools became even more complex or actively dangerous for children to use, the concepts of childhood and play (as discrete from work) as we know them today came into being. Tea ching could not begin until the child was physically and cognitively able to understand what was being taught; a new stage in development emerged. During this stage, children pretend to participate in the adult world in which they cannot be directly involved. This kind of play à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" role play and make believe à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" is socially necessary (children must be occupied, and they must understand concepts such as safety and co-operation in order to participate in the complex survival activities which have emerged). As a consequence, it is social in nature: play which develops the childs sense of interpersonal relationships. If a synthesis between the two strands of thought is attempted, the benefits of play can be summarised as preparation, i.e. introduction to the prerequisites of learning to survive in the contemporary world. These include technical skill (motor control and object manipulation), concept formation (object recognition, identification of and w orking toward goals), and interpersonal activity (turn taking, role recognition and interdependent co-operation). However, according to Lillard et al (2013), pretend play has little impact on interpersonal skills but significant positive effects on development of language, narrative and emotion regulation, on reasoning, and on creativity, intelligence, conservation and mindfulness. The authors are careful to note that the personal and environmental characteristics in which the play occurs are likely to be the true causes of the positive effect, and it is easy to imagine pretend play with indifferent partners in a dysfunctional environment being a form of pure escapism rather than constructive development. The comparison to parents involves more than just methodology. If childcare is increasingly a specialised professional function rather than the sole purview of parents, as suggested by Fonagy (2005: 125-126), it must be acknowledged that parents and childcare professionals ne ed some awareness of early learning theory and practice, and vice versa. It is necessary for teachers and other professionals to adopt the learning through play paradigm practice by parents, since there is no guarantee that parents will have had the time to complete this stage of their childrens development. All of this indicates the sort of strategies which are ideal for maximising the benefits of play in the classroom. The desired outcome is development in language, reasoning and creativity. The desired activity is one which develops co-operation, concept formation and physical skill (since not all play can apparently be relied upon to develop these). The desired environment is one in which all participants in play à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" adults and children à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" are engaged and in which play is seen as functional and purposeful. It remains to identify and discuss examples of practice in these terms. Wood and Atfield (2005) present a series of strategic points for d eveloping a pedagogy of play. Some are more specialised than others (any competent teacher should be observing in a specific and targeted manner, for instance) but some require a reassessment of the core processes instilled during teacher training. For instance, they emphasise sharing intentions rather than developing elaborate plans. Young childrens agendas and interests change; play themes are discarded or retained early or late in a manner which can strike adults as arbitrary. There should be a planned outcome, but it should not be introduced in a forced way which disengages the children from play (Wood and Atfield, 2005: 160). Wood and Atfield (2005: 165) also advise teachers to listen in different ways, since the meanings that children construct are not always immediately visible to adults. Children negotiate the layers of reality in pretend play with a fluency that surprises many professionals, stepping in and out of character in order to structure, define, negotiate and di rect the shared fantasy. This should not be seen as an undesired outcome or a failure to achieve à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" breaking character, as a drama teacher might see it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" but as a demonstration of social skills and reasoning, as well as a different kind of discipline in creativity. The third lesson to take from Wood and Atfield (2005: 170) is the management of disputes and anti-social behaviours. Actively disrupting the play in progress disengages the children, and pretend play often engages with problematic ideas relating to strength and weakness, good and evil, justice and injustice, belonging and rejecting, and so on. Discriminatory and abusive comments can occur legitimately within a play context; likewise, it is easy for the patterns of teacher intervention to perpetuate discriminatory stereotypes (for instance, intervening in the noisy play of boys more than the quiet play of girls, thus leaving the stereotypes more free to take root with the girls). Wood and Atfields proposed solution (2005: 171) is to discuss the content of the play and the childrens feelings toward it parallel to play, explaining the realities of the plays context without disturbing it as it happens. This exemplifies the practice of scaffolding, derived from the work of Vygotsky and defined by van der Stuyf (2002: 2) as instruction in which a more knowledgeable other provides supports to facilitate a learners development. The scaffolds facilitate the learners ability to build on prior knowledge and internalise new information, through activities which are just beyond the levels of what the learner can do alone. In this case the scaffolding accepts that children are capable of role playing by the time they enter the education system but that thinking through the consequences and contexts is beyond their capability. Such a position is supported by Kavanaugh (2014: 274), who claims that role-play is an exercise in perspective-taking which by definition forces chi ldren to appreciate what someone else is doing and why they are doing it. Without an understanding of the play partners view of the world the role play episodes cease to be productive, Kavanaugh (2014: 274) writes, and from an appreciation of a partners point of view it is possible to build awareness of the points of view of others: a profoundly important step in childrens understanding of the role of thoughts, beliefs and emotions in everyday life. However, it is important not to make assumptions regarding the ability of all children to participate in play of any sorts. Continuing with the example of pretend play, it must be noted that some children do not display the expected facility to play roles and make believe. This can be due to background factors, such as a domestic environment characterised by parental indifference to pretend play (Fleer, 2010: 102) or a cultural background which does not prioritise pretending or tolerate it at all (Fonagy, 2005: 125), or by learning di fficulties which prevent play on a more fundamental level. As Wood and Albright (2005: 171) note, children with special educational needs often take smaller steps in learning and playing, and need more time to build their skills and confidence. For example, children with autistic spectrum disorders encounter barriers which Soule (2015: 10) characterises as play-specific and play-external. Play-specific barriers are differences in skill development which prevent children with ASD from practical participation, while play-external barriers are situations where there is no practical factor preventing children with ASD from participating. Play-specific barriers include variety and purpose of object manipulation, struggles with symbolic thought and interpretations of the unwritten rules of pretend play (Soule, 2015: 11-12). Play-external barriers include the social initiation skills necessary to start or enter a play interaction, attention span to sustain it and skills in sensory and e motional regulation in order to participate without becoming dysregulated and experiencing a negative outcome (Soule, 2015: 13-14). Lack of access to play is arguably definitive of the autistic experience (Soule, 2015: 14), and yet access to play helps to develop the skills necessary to overcome these barriers. It is therefore important to develop an inclusive play-as-education practice which breaks this cycle and scaffolds children with ASD into groups with neurotypical children. Freeman, Gulsrud and Kasari (2015: 2259) identify several benefits to inclusive play groups and friendships between children with and without ASD, including higher closeness and lower conflict between peers (i.e. elimination of behavioural difficulties) and greater helpfulness displayed by all parties (i.e. more developed co-operation skills and awareness and mindfulness of difference). The early development of these skills may play a role in childrens later friendship development and quality of relatio nships. It is therefore suggested that the managerial intervention (Wood and Atfield, 2005: 169) by teachers in play involving children with ASD should involve managing these barriers, establishing activities and contexts and helping children with ASD to negotiate the social initiation and manage their sensory input without directing their participation in play. Before concluding, it must be observed that while the examples presented in this project have focused on pretend play (with an implicit humanities/arts context), play has a place in learning and development for the sciences too. In this field it is often asserted that science concept learning should be addressed in the later years of schooling, with the result being a lack of emphasis on science teaching and learning in the early years (Blake and Howitt, 2012: 281). Blake and Howitt (2012: 281) suggest building on the instinctive knowledge acquisition of children, using sensory observation to develop classification, expla nation and prediction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the core skills of the scientist. These skills should be built through dedicated unstructured play time, resources and adequate space to enhance logical thinking and science learning, and a significant adult to assist conceptual understanding. The role of this adult should acknowledge an awareness of the everyday nature of science and the potential of every child to be a scientist, which is the ultimate spirit in which play should be deployed in education. The play should be seen as everyday, a normal activity for children to engage in, and an opportunity to develop everyday skills in an organic and unforced context. The potential of every child to engage in and develop through play should be recognised, and the initiative of children who initiate and engineer opportunities for play should be rewarded rather than restricted. Children play. The wisest practitioners in early years education let them get on with it, while keeping one eye out for the learning opportunities that are generated through the play as it takes place. Works Cited Blake, E. and Howitt, C. (2012). Science in Early Learning Centres: Satisfying Curiosity, Guided Play or Lost Opportunities? in Chwee, K.; Tan, D. and Mijung, K. (eds.) Issues and Challenges in Science Education Research. Springer Netherlands. pp. 281-299. Elkonin, D. B. (2005). The Psychology of Play, trans. Stone, L. R., in Journal of Russian and East European Psychology, 43(1), pp. 11 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 21. Fleer, M. (2010). Early Learning and Development: Cultural-historical Concepts in Play. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Freeman, S. F. N.; Gulsrud, A.; Kasari, C. (2015). Linking Early Joint Attention and Play Abilities to Later Reports of Friendships for Children with ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(7), pp. 2259 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2266. Fonagy, P. (2005). Patterns of attachment, interpersonal relationships and health, in Blane, D., Brunner, E. and Wilkinson, R. (eds.), Health and Social Organisation: Towards a Health Policy for the 2 1st Century. New York: Routledge. pp. 125 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 152. Lillard, A. S; Lerner, M. D.; Hopkins, E. J.; Dore, R. A.; Smith, E. D.; Palmquist, C. M. (2013). The impact of pretend play on childrens development, in Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), pp. 1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 34. Kavanaugh, R. D. (2014). Pretend Play, in Spodek, B. and Saracho, O. N. (eds.), Handbook of Research on the Education of Young Children. New York: Routledge. pp. 269 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 279. Power, T. G. and Parke, R. D. (1982). Play as a Context for Early Learning, in Laosa, L. M. (ed.), Families as Learning Environments for Children. New York: Plenum Press. pp. 147 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 178. Soule, S. E. (2015). Autism, play, and language output. Diss. San Francisco State University. Van der Stuyf, R. R. (2002). Scaffolding as a Teaching Strategy. Adolescent Learning and Development. Section 0500A, Fall 2002. Wood, E. and Atfield, J. (2005). Play, Learning and the Early Childhood Curriculum. London: SAGE.

External Environment Affecting The Mcs At Wal Mart

.1) External Environment Affecting the MCS at Wal-Mart External environmental changes greatly determine the nature of business today. In response, the MCS design in an organisation is expected to consider various external factors, or business risks of an external nature, in order to be more adaptive to the current business environment. These external factors may lead to consequences on the company’s capability to achieve its targets (Bosa Italinana S.p.A. 2003). For this point, the MCS practices within Wal-Mart are intimately aligned with its external environment, in terms of political, economic, socio-cultural and technological contexts. 2.1.1) Rise in legal issues In the legal world, the 21st century is regarded as the era of litigation over the super retailer Wal-Mart (Brunn 2007). In the America public record, searching for Wal-Mart as a party in a lawsuit produced 3,034 reported cases, and a great amount of these lawsuits are related to its relationship with employees. The range of employment-based cases includes race and gender discrimination, unjust termination, compensation and minimum wages. Although as the largest corporate retailer in America, Wal-Mart’s size, strength and long-term interest provide it more opportunities to influence the legal system and nudge the law in a direction favourable to it (Brunn 2007), these legal issues put Wal-Mart in a trouble situation and stimulate it to change its MCS from a paternalistic attitude and company culture approachShow MoreRelatedDistribution Management7515 Words   |  31 Pagescosts    MC Definition:    The external contactual organisation that management operates to achieve its distribution objectives (from view of mgmt. 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Gilman Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper - 1290 Words

Gilman Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, The Yellow Wallpaper, is the disheartening tale of a woman suffering from postpartum depression. Set during the late 1890s, the story shows the mental and emotional results of the typical rest cure prescribed during that era and the narrator’s reaction to this course of treatment. It would appear that Gilman was writing about her own anguish as she herself underwent such a treatment with Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell in 1887, just two years after the birth of her daughter Katherine. The rest cure that the narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper describes is very close to what Gilman herself experienced; therefore, the story can be read as reflecting the†¦show more content†¦Mitchell’s treatment of the typical female seeking his world famous rest cure. Wagner-Martin states that the rest cure depended upon seclusion, massage, immobility, and overfeeding; . . . [it] had at its root complete mental inactivity (982). Carol Parley Ke ssler, in her essay on Gilman’s life, quotes Dr. Mitchell’s prescription to Gilman as, never touch pen, brush, or pencil (Kessler 158). Gilman subjects her narrator to the same prescription. You can tell from the story that the narrator wants to write and that she thinks that being allowed to do so would help her mental and emotional condition. She says, I think . . . it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me (Gilman 81). Kessler further explains that Dr. Mitchell’s treatment only made Gilman’s depression worse and that eventually she ceased to follow his regimen (158). The character she creates in The Yellow Wallpaper also fantasizes about ending her regimen saying, I wish I could get well faster (Gilman 81). Both seem to view the rest cure as an unwanted interruption in their lives. It should be no surprise then that Gilman draws from her own experience and Dr. Mitchell’s treatment. She even finds a way to incorporate him into the story as a kind of threat to the narrator. The narrator in the story is thinking about the reaction of her husband, who is also a doctor, to her slow convalescence, if I don’t pick up faster he shallShow MoreRelatedInterpretations of Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper1460 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretations of Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is an example of how stories and the symbolism to which they are related can influence the perspective of its readers and alternate their point of view. 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The short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† by nineteenth-century feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman, was first published in 1892 in New England Magazine. Gilman s story, based upon her own experience with a â€Å"rest cure† for mental illness, wasRead More`` The Yellow Wallpaper `` And `` It s A Girl ``1651 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilmans, who wrote â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† to challenge the ideals of society and their treatment towards women. Gilman, faced with the discriminatory and prejudiced challenges of her gender, her childhood shadowed and pelted on with poverty, and her mind plagued with the constant, deafening humming of nervous postpartum depression, unambiguously determined that she was going to raise her voice against constant chattering of chauvinist values. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a direct echoRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper Symbolism Essay901 Words   |  4 Pages In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† which takes place in the late 1800s, focuses on the first person narrator who is an infatuated woman. The disheartening story concentrates on a woman who is suffering from postpartum depression, and as well had mental breakdowns. The narrators husband John, moves her into a home isolated in the country where he wants her to â€Å"rest† and get better from her illness. During the course of being confined in the room with the wallpaper, she learns new things andRead MoreThe Era Of The Feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman891 Words   |  4 Pagesfeminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman. This was a time when once married the wife became the husband’s property and catered to him, the house and the children. They had the economic power, which women lacked and with that gained all the power and made all the rules. Wives became vulnerable due to this and their lives were totally controlled by their husbands. For many, this resulted in loss of identity. Marriage simply equaled a gentl e kind of slavery. The â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper† by Gilman was based on her experienceRead More Women Being Controlled in The Yellow Wallpaper1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper Today, women have more freedoms than we did in the early nineteenth century. We have the right to vote, seek positions that are normally meant for men, and most of all, the right to use our minds. However, for women in the late 1800’s, they were brought up to be submissive housewives who were not allowed to express their own interests. In the story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, a woman is isolated from the world andRead More Imprisonment of Women Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper1439 Words   |  6 PagesImprisonment of Women Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper When asked the question of why she chose to write The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman claimed that experiences in her own life dealing with a nervous condition, then termed melancholia, had prompted her to write the short story as a means to try and save other people from a similar fate. Although she may have suffered from a similar condition to the narrator of her illuminating short story, Gilmans story cannot be coinedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1312 Words   |  6 Pagesspecific meaning, or to bring light to certain issues in real life. The short story titled â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written in 1892 about a woman named Jane who is diagnosed with depression and given a treatment named the â€Å"rest cure.† Charlotte Perkins Gilman created this story based on her experiences with the â€Å"rest cure† and sent it to the creator of the treatment, S. Weir Mitchell, for criticism (Gilman 419). When read, this short sto ry is usually seen through a feminist critical lense, but it can

Othello Essay Essay Research Paper Othello Essay free essay sample

Othello Essay Essay, Research Paper Othello Essay The film Othello is full of really believeable and good developed characters. As it is a tradgedy, idea, we have to hold a victim or victims, in this instance Othello, and the cause of their wretchedness, which is Iago. Iago manipulates Cassio, Roderigo, Emilia, and Othello, utilizing a assortment of methods. Iago s secret plans are skilfully crafted with multiple degrees of machination. Iago besides pays attending to the smallest item, turn outing his accomplishment as a villian. Therefore, Iago is a consummate villian who manipulates all those around him. Iago manipultes Cassio, Roderigo, Emilia, and Othello in several ways. Cassio is manipulated by Iago foremost acquiring him fired. Then, under the pretense of friendly relationship, Iago suggests that Cassio inquire Desdemona for aid in acquiring reinstated. This is an ingenius move on as his portion, as Cassio must prosecute Desdemona s aid behind Othello s back. Roderigo is manipulated by Iago s stating him to prosecute Desdemona, even though Desdemona is already married. Although this is a blatent prevarication on Iago s portion, as the spectator sees non a individual intimation that Desdemona even acknowledges Roderigo s existance, it is so smartly delivered to Roderigo that he takes as a fact, even when the facts show otherwise. Iago controls Emilia through her love that she has for him. He uses her love of him to acquire her to steal Desdemona s hankie. Othello is manipulated by suggestion and intimations that are carefully worded and said at merely the right minute. Each one weakens his religion in Desdemona a little more. Then Iago produces grounds to add weight to his insinuation. The grounds is so believeably delivered and Othello already so incenced by Iago s words that Othello does non even question the truth of what he sees. This adept use of those around qualifies Iago as a supreme villian. Iago s secret plans are skilfully crafted and contain multiple degrees of machination. Iago gets Cassio rummy and disorderly until he starts a battle. Iago so goes to Othello and tells him that he should non let such behaviour and to fire Cassio. Then Iago convincea Cassio to prosecute Desdemona s help on the sly. Finally, Iago uses Cassio s chase of Desdemona on the sly as cogent evidence of their matter. Merely a villian of great accomplishment could craft such a program, as there are so many variables and opportunities for person to halt and inquiry everything or uncover how Iago was involved in what they did. Iago besides plans out his full sceme from the really begginning of the drama. He does no planning, Iago merely moves along go oning with his program P > through the whole movie. It seems as though he knew precisely how everyone would move to his use and respond to the actions of each other. Iago besides leaps upon every chance that presents itself during the class of the film. For illustration, Iago plans merely for Desdemona s hankie to be in Cassio s possesion, but when Bianca storms in and accueses Cassio of being unfaithful, Iago jumps on this chance and even more thouroughly convinces Othello of Desdemona s guilt. Iago pays attending to the smallest inside informations, doing his use even more complete. For illustration, Iago drops intimations about Desdemona perchance being unfaithful, but he does non state anything outright, because that would be leery. Iago merely tells Othello of what he knows when confronted about it and asked straight, and even so after repeated beggaries for information on the portion of Othello. If Iago had been more frontward with his intuitions, Othello would non hold believed him every bit much. Besides, when Iago accuires Desdemona s hankie, he does it really carefully. He has Emilia accuire it, so makes her state no 1 that she did and won Ts tell her why. If he had gotten it himself, person might hold seen him, and that would hold raised suspiscion. These little inside informations would hold been overlooked by person who was careless and less thourough. Iago besides removes Roderigo, by converting him to seek to kill Cassio and so killing Roderigo out of what he claims as self defense mechanism. A lesser villian would merely hold let Roderigo travel, but he might hold talked, so extinguishing him was the lone manner to gaurantee he wouldn t. Iago besides convinces everyone non to state how they know what they know to each other, which is a really of import item because if any of the other characters had spoken of Iago function in their actions, his whole secret plan would hold bee thwarted. The great attending that Iago pays to the smallest inside informations cements him as a maestro operator and cunning villian. Iago his an clever operator and villian who controls everyone around him. The manner he manipulates Cassio, Desdemona, Othello, and Roderigo is cogent evidence of this. His ability to entwine his secret plans, play the characters off each other, and take advantage of every chance that presents inself shows his accomplishment as a operator. Finally, Iagos attending to detail, guaranting his entire control over his victims and solidifying him as a true villian. Merely a truely great villian who uses his encephalon, thinks through every possibility, and leaps upon every oppurtunity could hold done what Iago did in Othello.

When I, Like Most People, First Read This Poem, I Saw The Theme As An Essay Example For Students

When I, Like Most People, First Read This Poem, I Saw The Theme As An Essay arbitrary death of a young boy that could have been easily avoided. One critic wrote that, the theme is the uncertainty and unpredictability of life A boy who is already doing a mans work and gives every promise of having a useful life ahead of him is suddenly wiped out. (Laurence Perrine, Sound and Sense: An Introduction to Poetry). While this analysis fits quite well superficially, I believe it to be inadequate and lacking in sufficient depth. Robert Frost describes his writing while being interviewed, and said, These poems are written in parable, so that the wrong people wont understand, and so will be saved.? After all this is a criticism on a man who, like the poem, appears to be simple, but actually alludes to an underlying complexity. After taking this into account, and reevaluating my criticism on this poem, this boys life wasnt taken, but given by the boy himself. Perhaps this was not a purposeful act, but instead a Freudian slip, He must have given the hand. We will write a custom essay on When I, Like Most People, First Read This Poem, I Saw The Theme As An specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Robert Frost personifies this buzz-saw almost as a kind of animal or beast from the very first line of the poem, The buzz-saw snarled and rattled in the yard. Then goes on to paint a beautiful picture of Five mountain ranges one behind the other / Under the sunset far into Vermont. and then reiterates the beastly snarling and rattling of the buzz saw. This seems to clearly separate the boy, and the buzz saw from nature. While the buzz saw is personified with animal characteristics, it is easy to see the ?big boy? as a human machine that mindlessly feeds wood to it all day. The sunset continues and this boy and all but those that lifted their eyes continue their work with a mechanical indifference to the signs that day was all but done. I feel that this seems to be the focal point of the story. Why was this boy being worked all day? In fact Frost seems to plead with them, Call it a day, I wish they might have said. Here Frost is pointing out the perversion of working a boy all day lo ng, and then not even giving him the half hour / That a boy counts so much when saved from work. In a sense this boy is a slave to productivity and monetary progress. This boys life is in a prison whos walls are productivity and industry, a good life for him is seen as a productive life, ?No more to build on there. And they, since they / were not the one dead, turned to their affairs.? This idea of juvenile oppression also appears as the boys sister. She has no doubt spent all day in the kitchen cooking, when, His sister stood beside them in her apron / To tell them Supper. Then after the accident, he does not appeal to his mother or father, but to his sister to save his hand from the doctor. I believe that he feels he has a bond to his sister, because she knows what he has been going through. When she came and told him that it was supper time, most people would think that this is a good thing, but to this boy while it may signify food, it also signals that his day is over, and that what free time he may have been hoping for was now gone, ?the saw, As if to prove saws knew what supper meant,Leaped out at the boys hand, or seemed to leap He must have given the hand. However it was,Neither refused the meeting. But the hand!The boys first outcry was a rueful laugh,. .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 , .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .postImageUrl , .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 , .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:hover , .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:visited , .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:active { border:0!important; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:active , .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay On Client Threaten A Lawyer If He Lose The Case There are many clues to show why the boy gave his hand, but did not intend to kill himself. When Frost writes ?Neither refused the meeting this is an obvious clue. The icing on the cake though is the boys reaction to his shaking hands with the buzz saw. It isnt a surprised scream, or a whimper, or even a swear word, but a ?rueful laugh,? which makes clear the boys true intentions. I dont believe that the boy consciously gave his hand to the beast, but instead it was subconscious. Anyone who has worked for an entire day with a snarling beast, with no mental relief must have wondered what would happen if I accidentally sl ipped and? and the attention that would be given when they all saw what had happened, and the remorse they would all feel for having him work all day. This poem ties into Frosts own life, when talking about his ?favorite daughters death (from fever after giving birth), ?I wish I hadnt this woeful suspicion that toward the end she came to resent something in the life I had given her.? And the title of this poem is taken from Shakespeares Macbeth, after Macbeth learns of his wifes death. Out, out, brief candle! Lifes but a walking shadow, a poor player, That struts and frets his hour upon the stage, And then is heard no more. It is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing.?I think that the sound and fury in this poem is the buzz saw that sets a constant and belligerent tone, snarling and rattling, and seeming to signify nothing. And the title of this poem, ?Out, Out-? is in itself a clue to the tragedy here. Frost chooses to leave out the ?brief candle? because this was just a boy, and had not yet experienced life and its fruits. The candle hadnt even been lit yet. This is a truly deep poem, that while on the surface looks rather simple, is in fact quite prophetic and deep. Not only does it deal with the meaninglessness of death, but it also deals with the meaninglessness of child labor, and mental oppression in the name of productivity and industry. This poem could be read as a warning to society. Or as a solution to building a good life.

Free Essays on First Amendment

â€Å"You cheap ass hoe,† and â€Å"you *censored*ing ass hole,† are two of the many sayings you can hear on tabloid talk shows. All the profanity is usually beeped out, but should it be? We have freedom of speech rights, do we not? Technically, we do not have that right. So, producers are not going to let their guests use profanity, but when that is the case they should do a better job at censoring. The first amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. (U.S. Constitution.) Which means we do not have freedom of speech rights. It just means that Congress can not make any laws to prohibit speech as long as it does not hurt anyone else. However, producers can limit what their guests say. People on tabloid talk shows can use profanity as much as they want, but producers have every right to beep them out. People feel that profanity is bad for small children and is inappropriate. Producers will not ignore that because they want people to watch their show. If people will watch the show as long as profanity is beeped out, then they will beep it out because all they care about is ratings. People do not find profanity socially acceptable, so producers censor profanity or nudity. However, they do not do a good job censoring profanity. They miss the word by a second and you can hear the first part and only the other half is beeped out. If they want to censor things for the good of the people, they should also blur out their guest’s lips, but producers do not do this. They know that profanity will help keep their ratings up. It is entertaining to watch grown people cuss and fight on television. It is just inappropriate for impressionable minds. There are a lot of things that are sa... Free Essays on First Amendment Free Essays on First Amendment â€Å"You cheap ass hoe,† and â€Å"you *censored*ing ass hole,† are two of the many sayings you can hear on tabloid talk shows. All the profanity is usually beeped out, but should it be? We have freedom of speech rights, do we not? Technically, we do not have that right. So, producers are not going to let their guests use profanity, but when that is the case they should do a better job at censoring. The first amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. (U.S. Constitution.) Which means we do not have freedom of speech rights. It just means that Congress can not make any laws to prohibit speech as long as it does not hurt anyone else. However, producers can limit what their guests say. People on tabloid talk shows can use profanity as much as they want, but producers have every right to beep them out. People feel that profanity is bad for small children and is inappropriate. Producers will not ignore that because they want people to watch their show. If people will watch the show as long as profanity is beeped out, then they will beep it out because all they care about is ratings. People do not find profanity socially acceptable, so producers censor profanity or nudity. However, they do not do a good job censoring profanity. They miss the word by a second and you can hear the first part and only the other half is beeped out. If they want to censor things for the good of the people, they should also blur out their guest’s lips, but producers do not do this. They know that profanity will help keep their ratings up. It is entertaining to watch grown people cuss and fight on television. It is just inappropriate for impressionable minds. There are a lot of things that are sa...

Business economic Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business economic - Coursework Example 6). Inflation causes a redistribution of income and wealth away from lenders to the benefits of borrowers. Inflation reduces the value of money so lender losses some value of his money once he is paid in the period of inflation. Keynesian economic theory usual relay on spending aggregate demand to define the economic market place of which is often influenced by public and private decisions. Classical economic theory is rooted in the concept of a laissez-faire also known free market, which requires little to know government interventions. Also allows individuals to act according to their self-interest regarding economic issues thus promoting unemployment 8). An externality exists in production of good or service when: the marginal social cost differs from the marginal private cost of production. For example, a chemical industry emits wastage as a by-product into nearby rivers and into the atmosphere. This creates negative externalities, which impose higher social costs on other firms and consumers. 9). In a market economy, the ideal solution to the problem of externalities would be to allow producers to produce the output level where both the marginal private benefits and the marginal. Externalities create divergence between the private and social cost of

The origins of the US Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The origins of the US Constitution - Essay Example When delegates in nine of the then thirteen states ratified the document, it marked the creation of a union of sovereign states, and a federal government to administer that union. It took effect on March 4, 1789, replacing the weaker, non-centralized union that existed under the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution of the United States is one of the oldest constitutions still in use (the oldest being that of the Republic of San Marino, which dates backs to 1600), and the oldest federal constitution currently in use. In September 1786, commissioners from five states met in the Annapolis Convention to discuss adjustments to the Articles of Confederation that would improve commerce. They invited state representatives to convene in Philadelphia to discuss improvements to the federal government. After debate, the Confederation Congress endorsed the plan to revise the Articles of Confederation on February 21, 1787. Twelve states, Rhode Island being the only exception, accepted this invitation and sent delegates to convene in May 1787. The resolution calling the Convention specified its purpose was to propose amendments to the Articles, but the Convention decided to propose a rewritten Constitution. The Philadelphia Convention voted to keep deliberations secret and decided to draft a new fundamental government design which eventually stipulated that only 9 of the 13 states would have to ratify for the new government to go into effect (for the participating states). Congress, noting dissatisfaction wit h the Articles of Confederation government, unanimously agreed to submit the proposal to the states despite what some perceived as the exceeded terms of reference. On September 17, 1787, the Constitution was completed in Philadelphia, followed by a speech given by Benjamin Franklin. In it he talked about how he wasn't completely satisfied with it but that perfection would never fully be achieved. He accepted the document as it was and he wanted all those against the ratification of it to do the same. After fierce fights over ratification in many of the states, New Hampshire became that ninth state on June 21, 1788. Once the Congress of the Confederation received word of New Hampshire's ratification, it set a timetable for the start of operations under the Constitution, and, on March 4, 1789, the government under the Constitution began operations. Changes since 1787 The Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the Constitution. Those amendments were adopted between 1789 and 1791, and all relate to limiting the power of the federal government. First Amendment: addresses the rights of freedom of speech, freedom of the press, the freedom of assembly, freedom of petition, and also freedom of religion, both in terms of prohibiting the Congressional establishment of religion and protecting the right to free exercise of religion. Second Amendment: declares the necessity for "a well regulated militia," and prohibits infringement of "the right of the people to keep and bear arms." Third Amendment: prohibits the government from using private homes as quarters for soldiers without the consent of the owners. The only existing case law regarding this amendment is a lower court decision in the case of Engblom v. Carey. Fourth Amendment: guards against searches, arrests, and seizures of property without a specific warrant or a "probable cause" to believe a crime has been committed. Some rights to privacy have been inferred from this amendment and others by the Supreme Court. Fifth Amendment: forbids trial for a major crime except after indictment by a grand jury; prohibits repeated trials for the same offense after an acquittal (except in certain very limited

Education and Safe Educational Environment Essay Example for Free

Education and Safe Educational Environment Essay Rights talk seeps into spheres of American society where a sense of personal responsibility and of civic obligation traditionally have been nourished. An intemperate rhetoric of personal liberty in this way corrodes the social foundations on which individual freedom and security ultimately rest. Because I agree with this quote, I firmly resolve the resolution that establishing a safe educational environment for grades K-12 justifies the infringement of civil liberties. I would like to offer the following definitions: Establish: to make firm or secure Safe Educational Environment: an environment conducive to learning where students are free from hurt, injury or loss Justifies: to demonstrate to be right, just, or valid Infringement: an encroachment, as of a right or privilege Civil Liberties: fundamental individual rights, such as freedom of speech and religion, protected by law against unwarranted governmental or other interference The value that the affirmative upholds is education. The value criterion I will use to uphold my value is safety. Safety is extremely important on any educational institute because it allows the students and faculty to learn and operate without any threat hanging over them. To explain my position, I offer the following contentions: Contention 1: Without the establishment of a safe learning environment, the ability to learn and to teach is severely hampered. Without a safe educational environment, the attainment of knowledge is difficult to achieve. As Michael Ferraraccio said, If schools cannot operate in a violence-free atmosphere, then education will suffer, a result which ultimately threatens the well being of everyone. An infringement of a students civil liberties is required to be able to maintain a safe and enjoyable learning atmosphere for both the students and the faculty. When a student does not feel secure in their learning area, they are often distracted and unable to focus. For example, a student cannot possibly concentrate if another classmate is spewing insults and cuss words at the teacher. However, if we allowed students the freedom of speech, this could be common place. Contention 2: Moral obligation to provide safe schools Donald Beci stated Because a state requires compulsory school attendance, it has a moral duty to maintain student discipline and to protect children from violence that occurs while they are attending the very schools to which the state has bound them to attend. A school is required to protect the children that it harbors, and thus some civil liberties must not be granted. Examples of these are the right to bear arms and the right to privacy, which could be construed to mean very dangerous things by students not mature enough to understand them. Also, privacy rights must not be granted in school, as it might endanger the safety of others. In fact, Donald Beci also says that, In situations where the school administration and students share joint control of lockers, desks, or other school property, the students would not have a legitimate expectation of privacy in such property; thus, in the abscence of privacy, Fourth Amendment requirements would be inapplicable. Thus schools must disregard some civil rights to uphold the value of safety which most of them abide by. The affirmative has proven that schools must disregard students civil rights in order to ensure a good and safe learning environment.

The Blood is on Our Hands Essay -- Essays Papers

The Blood is on Our Hands The two main tribes that occupy the vast land of Rwanda, Africa are the Tutsi and Hutu tribes. According to David Rieff, author of Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century, Rwanda gained its independence from France a little over forty years ago and the territory has been involved in or been on the verge of a civil war between the two tribes ever since. During most of the colonial period the Tutsis had control because of the influence of the Banzugu, the white French man. The Banzugu only occupied about one percent of the population but they obtained most of the material wealth within Rwanda. The Banzugu separated the Hutus from the Tutsis socially based on there physical features. The Tutsis were thought to be the superior tribe because of their non-African appearance, pale skin and their aquiline noses. Since the beginning of their tribal existence the two tribes have lived next to one another, believed in the same religion and spoke the same language. After Rwanda gain ed its independence from France the Tutsis held the majority of the power and authority. The Tutsis only held the control for a short period of time before the Hutus took control. When the Hutus took control many Tutsis fled Rwanda in fear of their lives or stayed and were murdered (1-2). This was just a preview of the rage to come in April of 1994. About nine months before the massacre broke out the governments involved in the peacekeeping agreement signed what was called the Arusha Accords. This treaty was to be an international agreement to help control the constant battling between the Hutus and the Tutsis. On August 4, 1993 only five short days before the funding to the Rwandan government was revoked, Presi... ...f 1994 in Rwanda in the amount of time it would have taken you to read this paper over fifty-five innocent people would have been put to death! Works Cited Burkhalter, Holly J. â€Å"The Question of Genocide: The Clinton Administration and Rwanda.† World Policy Journal 11.4 (1994): 44-55. Byrne, Louise. â€Å"Doctors Battle to Contain Cholera in Rwandan Camps.† British Medical Journal 309 (1994): 289 Des Forges, Alison, et al. Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda. New York: International, 1999. Gourevitch, Philip. We Wish to Inform You that Tomorrow We Will be Killed with Our Families: Stories from Rwanda. New York: Farrar, 1998. Ignatieff, Michael. â€Å"The Next President’s Duty to Intervene.† New York Times 13 Feb. 2000, late ed., sec. 4: 17. Rieff, David. â€Å"Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century.† The New Republic 214 (1996): 27-37.

Ch. 23 Kite Runner

Chapter 23 †¢The narrative starts very fragmented and disjointed as Amir Flits in and out of consciousness. This is reflected presented by the continued use of short sentences and paragraphs, the broken narrative could also show Amir’s detachment from reality. †¢Within the chapter we are also presented with dreams as a form of narrative. A prominent dream is the dream of the bear and Baba, this could represent Amir finally conquering his guilt, the bear, and however the dream ends without Amir killing the bear which could show he is fully redeemed yet.This moment comes later when Amir runs the kite for Sohrab. The dream could also symbolise many other things Baba could be the bear as earlier in the novel Amir comments â€Å"I could never tell the difference†, the dream could represent how he has finally proved to Baba he is a man or the bear could have represented for Assef who is the real monster in the now. Earlier in the novel â€Å"When Baba died, Amir ca lled his cancer â€Å"the Bear he could not defeat. † This shows how the dream is symbolic on so many different things. The relationship between Sohrab and Amir Remains strained â€Å"I asked Sohrab if he wanted to play. I didn’t expect him to answer, let alone play†. They play â€Å"panjapar† in silence for hours and Amir relates many of Sohrab’s characteristics to Hassan such as his ability with a slingshot and his skill at card games. †¢The chapter is also a very emotional one for Amir he breaks down when Farid says â€Å"For you a thousand times over† this is closely linked to Amir’s memories of Hassan and this phrase is repeated throughout and Repetition is a device used throughout the novel, to create emphasis.It is first spoken by Hassan to Amir, at the beginning of the novel. From then on, the reader associates this quote with the relationship that Hassan and Amir have. Then at the ending in a letter Hassan has wrote to A mir. The fact that Hassan can still say this to Amir after all Amir has done to him, show that he followed through with his words, which makes this phrase very meaningful. This lexis used, such as. A thousand† is purposely used by the author to emphasize Hassan's unlimited loyalty to Hassan. †¢Rahim Khan’s letter provides some answers to the questions that Amir may have had about his and Baba’s behavior. The contrast of how Baba dealt with the guilt, by giving to charities etc; contrasts of how Amir dealt with his guilt. He then later dreams he is Assef’s twin maybe showing he still hasn’t reached peace with

PHI2604 income distribution Essay - 661 Words

Patricia Pupo Professor Matthew Sang PHI 2604 26 November 2014 Income Distribution This essay will discuss if current income distribution has a negative impact in the society because of the inequality that exists. What is income distribution? It is how a national income is split between different groups. Rights theory worries as the name says it, about people rights, and action is good if it respects the people’s rights. There are two kinds of rights, positive and negative. The first one relates to the right that people have to entitlements, is also known as Welfare (food, shelter, healthcare). The second one is negative rights, it is associated with the right that a person has not be subjected to an action from another group or person.†¦show more content†¦The inequality of income distribution does not fit well with rights theory since the goal of the second one is equality. All citizens should have same opportunity. People join a society because they need protection and help. Another philosophical theory is egoism that states that since people live from their minds which is independents therefore they should act in their own self-interest. There are two kinds physiological that says that people should do what they want and ethical suggest that they do things in self-interest. Egoist does not sacrifice himself for others and does not sacrifice others for himself since that is the basis of this theory we can resume that the inequality of income distribution goes well with this theory. No one is responsible for no one, because if they are, they would be living like parasite.† The average pay of a CEO in a major corporation was $11.9 million in 2000.† (Shaw,144) and a McDonalds employee is $18,890, if we were to compare those two salaries from a egoistic point of view they both deserve what they have accomplish because they work independently, it does not matter how unequal the distribution of the income is. Many associates income distribution with social inequality and see it as a bad thing, from the egotistical point of view is good, individuals get to thrive because they set their goals and derive their